Biases

The biases FLAIMS protects against

Capable people make systematic errors. Decades of cognitive science have catalogued the patterns that distort decisions, meetings and roadmaps alike. FLAIMS does not pretend those patterns disappear; it builds structure around them.

  • 01I

    Automation Bias

    Parasuraman & Manzey, 2010

    People over-trust automated outputs, especially under time pressure. A confident answer from a machine is treated as more reliable than the same answer from a colleague.

    Impact on working life

    AI-generated drafts ship without review. Dashboards are trusted even when the underlying data is wrong. Critical thinking gradually erodes.

    FLAIMS →

    Intelligence (Human-Centered AI) introduces structural friction against this bias: AI is treated as governed infrastructure with named owners and verification rituals, instead of a black box on each laptop.

  • 02S

    Confirmation Bias

    Nickerson, 1998

    People preferentially seek, interpret and remember information that confirms what they already believe, and discount what contradicts it.

    Impact on working life

    Strategy reviews become applause rounds. Red flags from junior staff get reframed as missing the bigger picture. The same hiring pattern keeps producing the same results.

    FLAIMS →

    Segmentation of Power introduces structural friction against this bias: cold Governance reviews data, facts and numbers separately from warm Leadership coaching, so disagreement shows up as structure, not personal attack.

  • 03F

    Status Quo Bias

    Samuelson & Zeckhauser, 1988

    Defaults win. People stay with the current tool, process or supplier even when a clearly better option exists, because change feels like loss.

    Impact on working life

    Legacy stacks survive a decade past their usefulness. 'We always did it this way' kills better Flow designs. Migrations get postponed until they become emergencies.

    FLAIMS →

    Flow + Mastery introduce structural friction against this bias: time-boxed decision rooms force an explicit choice, and deliberate practice keeps craft sharp instead of letting habit decide.

  • 04A

    Sunk Cost Fallacy

    Arkes & Blumer, 1985

    People continue investing in a failing course of action because they have already invested, even when stopping is clearly the better move.

    Impact on working life

    Failing projects attract more budget instead of less. Poor hiring decisions outlast their welcome. Acquisitions get defended long after the original thesis collapsed.

    FLAIMS →

    Accountability introduces structural friction against this bias: named owners and evidence-based stop/continue checkpoints make exit the structural default, not a personal defeat.

  • 05L

    Groupthink

    Janis, 1972

    Cohesive groups suppress dissent to preserve harmony. Members self-censor doubts; the illusion of unanimity replaces real reasoning.

    Impact on working life

    Leadership offsites end with twelve nods and zero hard questions. Risk is named once in a corridor and never in the room.

    FLAIMS →

    Leadership + Segmentation of Power introduce structural friction against this bias: co-active coaching trains dissent, and the Gravity Decision Model assigns weight by stakes, not by who spoke loudest.

  • 06A

    Hindsight Bias

    Fischhoff, 1975

    After an outcome is known, people see it as having been predictable, and judge the original decision-maker as if they should have known.

    Impact on working life

    Blameless retros become blameful. Risk-taking gets punished after the fact, so people stop taking smart risks at all.

    FLAIMS →

    Accountability introduces structural friction against this bias: it separates the quality of the decision from the quality of the outcome. The system, not the person, is on trial.

  • 07M

    Dunning-Kruger Effect

    Kruger & Dunning, 1999

    People with low competence overestimate their ability; people with high competence often underestimate theirs. The least skilled are the most confident.

    Impact on working life

    Confident-but-wrong voices dominate. True experts get talked over. Promotion goes to assertiveness instead of mastery.

    FLAIMS →

    Mastery introduces structural friction against this bias: an explicit craft ladder with deliberate practice and external feedback makes competence visible, not just claimed. Note: part of this pattern may be a statistical artifact; FLAIMS treats it as a design risk, not a verdict on individuals.

  • 08I

    Availability Heuristic

    Tversky & Kahneman, 1973

    People judge how likely something is by how easily an example comes to mind, recent, vivid or emotional events feel more probable than they are.

    Impact on working life

    One loud customer complaint reshapes the roadmap. One bad hire makes the next ten interviews paranoid. Last quarter's crisis becomes this quarter's strategy.

    FLAIMS →

    Intelligence introduces structural friction against this bias: governed data and AI-assisted base-rates anchor decisions in actual frequency, not in the loudest recent memory.

  • 09F

    Planning Fallacy

    Kahneman & Tversky, 1979

    People systematically underestimate how long tasks will take and how much they will cost, even when they have done the same task many times before.

    Impact on working life

    Roadmaps slip by 50–200%. Quarterly commitments are theatre. Trust between delivery and leadership erodes one missed deadline at a time.

    FLAIMS →

    Flow introduces structural friction against this bias: WIP-limits, CoreJobs and time-boxed decision rooms convert wishful estimates into observed throughput.

  • 10S

    Halo Effect

    Thorndike, 1920

    One positive trait (charisma, school name, past success) bleeds into unrelated judgements about a person or company.

    Impact on working life

    Charismatic leaders get unchecked authority. Big-brand vendors win deals their product can't back up. Hiring tilts toward 'looks right'.

    FLAIMS →

    Segmentation of Power introduces structural friction against this bias: authority is granted per decision class, not per person, and reviewed by cold governance.

How FLAIMS responds

Structure beats willpower.

These biases cannot be trained away; they are how human cognition works. What you can do is design the organisation so the biases meet friction at the right moments: in governance, in decision rooms, in AI usage, in retrospectives. FLAIMS turns each bias into a structural checkpoint rather than a personal failing.

See how it works
Bias → FLAIMS counter-structure
  • IAutomation BiasIntelligence
  • SConfirmation BiasSegmentation
  • FStatus Quo BiasFlow
  • ASunk Cost FallacyAccountability
  • LGroupthinkLeadership
  • AHindsight BiasAccountability
  • MDunning-Kruger EffectMastery
  • IAvailability HeuristicIntelligence
  • FPlanning FallacyFlow
  • SHalo EffectSegmentation
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